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Juvenile Justice Residential Services Definition
Purpose
Juvenile Justice Residential Services promote public safety by providing youth with a supportive, structured setting that helps them address their needs and develop the attitudes and skills needed to make responsible choices, avoid negative behaviors, and become productive, connected, and law-abiding citizens.Definition
Juvenile Justice Detention Services provide short-term placement and minimal services to youth who are awaiting adjudication, disposition, or long-term placement.
PA-JJR can be used to review both secure and non-secure programs (e.g., from programs that lock youth in their rooms, to programs that are perimeter-secure, to programs that are less restrictive).
Note:The agency's services will be reviewed and matched with the most appropriate Service Standard, regardless of the population served. When an agency operates a program where the service population includes but is not limited to youth involved with the juvenile justice system, it may be more appropriate to complete another Service Standard, such as Group Living Services (PA-GLS) or Residential Treatment Services (PA-RTX).
Agencies providing only detention services will complete the relevant practice standards within the section and have the option to take NAs where noted. Length of stay in detention can vary considerably, for example, from less than 24 hours to more than 90 days. Accordingly, agencies should strive to limit the amount of time youth are detained without services, as referenced in PA-JJR 3.05.
Note:Please see PA-JJR Reference List for the research that informed the development of these standards.
Note:For information about changes made in the 2020 Edition, please see the JJR Crosswalk.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 1: Person-Centered Logic Model
Currently viewing: PERSON-CENTERED LOGIC MODEL
VIEW THE STANDARDS
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 1.01
A program logic model, or equivalent framework, identifies:
- needs the program will address;
- available human, financial, agency, and community resources (i.e. inputs);
- program activities intended to bring about desired results;
- program outputs (i.e. the size and scope of services delivered);
- desired outcomes (i.e. the changes you expect to see in persons served); and
- expected long-term impact on the agency, community, and/or system.
Examples: Please see the W.K. Kellogg Foundation Logic Model Development Guide and COA Accreditation’s PQI Tool Kit for more information on developing and using program logic models.
Examples: Information that may be used to inform the development of the program logic model includes, but is not limited to:
- needs assessments and periodic reassessments;
- risks assessments conducted for specific interventions; and
- the best available evidence of service effectiveness.
PA-JJR 1.02
The logic model identifies desired outcomes in at least two of the following areas:
- change in clinical status;
- change in functional status;
- health, welfare, and safety;
- permanency of life situation;
- quality of life;
- achievement of individual service goals; and
- other outcomes as appropriate to the program or service population.
Interpretation: Outcomes data should be disaggregated to identify patterns of disparity or inequity that can be masked by aggregate data reporting. See PA-PQI 5.02 for more information on disaggregating data to track and monitor identified outcomes.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 2: Personnel
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 2.01
- two years of college in a social or human service field; or
- a high school degree or equivalent and at least two years’ experience working with youth.
PA-JJR 2.02
- an advanced degree in a social or human service field; or
- a bachelor’s degree in a social or human service field and experience working with youth.
PA-JJR 2.03
- an advanced degree in a social or human service field; or
- a bachelor's degree in a social or human service field and at least two years' experience working with youth.
PA-JJR 2.04
- understanding youth development;
- assessing risks and safety;
- recognizing and responding to needs, including needs related to health, mental health, trauma, and substance use;
- suicide prevention and response;
- appropriate disciplinary techniques;
- providing services in a culturally competent manner that considers gender and gender identity, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, developmental level, disability, and other relevant characteristics;
- protocols for responding to service recipients who run away;
- understanding the importance of rehabilitation and reintegration;
- understanding the definitions of human trafficking (both labor and sex trafficking) and sexual exploitation, and identifying potential victims; and
- understanding the different organizations, agencies, and systems likely to serve or encounter youth involved with the juvenile justice system.
PA-JJR 2.05
PA-JJR 2.06
- assigning a worker at intake or early in the contact;
- avoiding the arbitrary or indiscriminate reassignment of direct service personnel; and
- using a team approach to ensure a comprehensive, integrated approach to service delivery and supervision.
PA-JJR 2.07
- the qualifications, competencies, and experience of personnel, including the level of supervision needed;
- case complexity and status, including the intensity of youths' risks and needs;
- the work and time required to accomplish assigned tasks and job responsibilities;
- whether services are provided by multiple professionals or team members; and
- service volume.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 3: Intake and Assessment
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 3.01
- implements prompt, systematic, and responsive screening practices that facilitate the identification of urgent risks and needs related to health, mental health, and safety, including suicidality, substance use, medication needs, and emergency medical conditions;
- conducts screenings within 24 hours of admission;
- does not leave youth unsupervised until they have been screened;
- promptly provides or arranges for specialized assessments when initial screenings reveal urgent risks and needs;
- determines whether youth are appropriate for the program; and
- notifies referral sources if youth cannot be served, or cannot be served promptly.
PA-JJR 3.02
- completed within established timeframes;
- updated as needed based on youths’ risks and needs;
- focused on information pertinent for meeting service objectives; and
- supplemented with information provided by the referral source, collaborating providers, and/or family members, when appropriate.
PA-JJR 3.03
- health;
- mental health;
- substance use;
- education;
- vocation;
- social skills and behavior; and
- family functioning and dynamics.
Interpretation:Agencies that do not have the resources to comprehensively assess all youth in all of the listed areas should conduct systematic service need screenings to determine when youth are in need of more in-depth assessments. However, this screening for ongoing service needs should be distinct from the emergent risk screening described in PA-JJR 3.01. Special attention should be paid to any concerns identified in previous screenings and assessments and further evaluation should be conducted if necessary.
Interpretation:Personnel that conduct assessments should be aware of the indicators of a potential trafficking victim, including, but not limited to, evidence of mental, physical, or sexual abuse; physical exhaustion; working long hours; living with employer or many people in confined area; unclear family relationships; heightened sense of fear or distrust of authority; presence of older male boyfriend or pimp; loyalty or positive feelings towards an abuser; inability or fear of making eye contact; chronic running away or homelessness; possession of excess amounts of cash or hotel keys; and inability to provide a local address or information about parents. Several tools are available to help identify a potential victim of trafficking and determine next steps toward an appropriate course of treatment. Examples of these tools include, but are not limited to, the Rapid Screening Tool for Child Trafficking and the Comprehensive Screening and Safety Tool for Child Trafficking.
Interpretation: The Assessment Matrix - Private, Public, Canadian, Network determines which level of assessment is required for COA’s Service Sections. The assessment elements of the Matrix can be tailored according to the needs of specific individuals or service design.
PA-JJR 3.04
- address their risks and needs in the least restrictive environment necessary; and
- are close to their families and communities, to the extent possible.
PA-JJR 3.05
- reduce the incidence of unnecessary detention;
- reduce the length of time youth are detained without services;
- encourage the placement of youth into the least restrictive environment necessary;
- encourage placement of youth into programs that are close to their families and communities, to the extent possible;
- promote a comprehensive, coordinated approach to serving youth; and
- arrange for the delivery of needed services the agency does not provide, to the extent possible and appropriate.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 4: Service Planning and Monitoring
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 4.01
- goals, desired outcomes, and timeframes for achieving them;
- treatment, services, and supports to be provided, and by whom;
- level of supervision needed;
- procedures for expedited service planning when crisis or urgent need is identified; and
- the signature of the youth and a parent or legal guardian.
PA-JJR 4.02
- how youth and their progress will be monitored;
- any special terms or conditions, including conditions ordered by the court;
- benefits to be gained if the plan is fulfilled; and
- possible consequences of noncompliance.
PA-JJR 4.03
- arrange for the delivery of needed services the agency does not provide;
- promote a comprehensive, coordinated approach to serving youth;
- ensure that youth receive appropriate advocacy support;
- mediate barriers to services within the service delivery system; and
- identify and develop opportunities for youth to become involved with or contribute to the community, when possible and appropriate.
PA-JJR 4.04
The worker and a supervisor, or a team of relevant personnel, review the case quarterly, or more frequently depending on youths’ risks and needs and their anticipated length of stay, to assess:
- service plan implementation;
- progress toward achieving service and treatment goals and desired outcomes; and
- the continuing appropriateness of chosen interventions as well as service and treatment goals.
PA-JJR 4.05
- review progress toward achievement of service and treatment goals; and
- sign revisions to goals and plans.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 5: Family Connections and Involvement
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 5.01
PA-JJR 5.02
PA-JJR 5.03
- meet any unmet service needs;
- maintain and strengthen family relationships;
- prevent, manage, and resolve family conflicts;
- identify strengths that can help them meet future challenges; and
- prepare for the youth’s return to the family, when appropriate.
PA-JJR 5.04
- including family members in scheduling decisions;
- allowing participation through teleconferencing;
- assisting with transportation, accommodations, and childcare, as needed and to the extent possible;
- helping personnel develop and maintain positive relationships with family members; and
- providing an environment conducive to family visits and activities.
- sensitivity to the willingness of the family to be engaged;
- respect for family members' autonomy and confidentiality;
- flexibility;
- persistence; and
- a non-threatening manner.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 6: Service Culture
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 6.01
- youth and personnel; and
- youth and their peers.
PA-JJR 6.02
PA-JJR 6.03
PA-JJR 6.04
- sports and athletic activities;
- cultural enrichment activities;
- social activities; and
- religious services.
PA-JJR 6.05
- a medical records release; or
- a signed document from a qualified medical professional stating that a youth is physically capable of participating.
PA-JJR 6.06
- receive visits;
- make telephone calls; and
- send and receive mail.
PA-JJR 6.07
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 7: Health Services
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 7.01
- a health examination within seven days of admission; and
- a dental screening within seven days of admission, and a dental examination within 60 days of admission.
PA-JJR 7.02
PA-JJR 7.03
PA-JJR 7.04
PA-JJR 7.05
PA-JJR 7.06
- proper nutrition and exercise;
- personal hygiene;
- substance use and smoking;
- sexual development;
- safe and healthy relationships;
- prevention and treatment of diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases;
- HIV/AIDS prevention; and
- pregnancy prevention and responsible parenting.
PA-JJR 7.07
- pregnancy counseling;
- prenatal health care;
- genetic risk identification and counseling services;
- fetal alcohol syndrome screening;
- labor and delivery services;
- postpartum care;
- pediatric care, including well-baby visits and immunizations; and
- children’s health insurance programs.
PA-JJR 7.08
- fetal growth and development;
- the importance of prenatal care;
- nutrition and proper weight gain;
- appropriate exercise;
- medication use during pregnancy;
- effects of tobacco and substance use on fetal development;
- what to expect during labor and delivery; and
- benefits of breastfeeding.
NA The agency provides only detention services.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 8: Mental Health Services
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 8.01
PA-JJR 8.02
PA-JJR 8.03
PA-JJR 8.04
- consistent with the youth’s assessed needs and service plan;
- authorized and managed by a board-eligible psychiatrist or another qualified health practitioner; and
- monitored for efficacy and side effects.
PA-JJR 8.05
PA-JJR 8.06
PA-JJR 8.07
- recognize when youth are thinking about suicide;
- monitor suicidal youth at a frequency consistent with level of risk;
- respond promptly and appropriately to youth who attempt suicide; and
- continually supervise youth who attempt suicide until they are assessed by qualified medical and mental health personnel.
PA-JJR 8.08
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 9: Services for Substance Use Conditions
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 9.01
PA-JJR 9.02
PA-JJR 9.03
- identify situations that prompt substance use; and
- develop healthier ways of responding to those situations.
PA-JJR 9.04
PA-JJR 9.05
- making decisions about the appropriate level and intensity of care and treatment;
- prescribing and/or supervising medication, including appropriate monitoring and administration of pharmacotherapy for youth with co-occurring conditions; and
- providing or reviewing diagnostic, toxicological, and other health related examinations.
PA-JJR 9.06
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 10: Education Services
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 10.01
PA-JJR 10.02
When youth are eligible for special education services, individualized education programs (IEPs) should be developed to address youths’ needs.
PA-JJR 10.03
PA-JJR 10.04
- tutoring;
- preparation for a high school equivalency diploma;
- college preparation;
- parent-teacher meetings; and
- advocacy and support.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 11: Development of Social and Independent Living Skills
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 11.01
- solve problems, resolve conflicts, and make responsible decisions;
- control impulses and manage anger; and
- interact appropriately with others.
PA-JJR 11.02
- in daily interactions at the program; and
- outside the facility, when possible and appropriate.
PA-JJR 11.03
PA-JJR 11.04
- basic caregiving routines;
- child growth and development;
- meeting children’s health and emotional needs;
- environmental safety and injury prevention;
- parent-child interactions and bonding;
- age-appropriate behavioral expectations and appropriate discipline; and
- family planning.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 12: Workforce Development Services
NA The agency provides only detention services.
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 12.01
PA-JJR 12.02
- making decisions in the workplace;
- working on a team;
- communicating effectively with others;
- working with diverse groups of people;
- using computers; and
- managing finances.
PA-JJR 12.03
- relevant to jobs existing in the areas where youth will reside after leaving residential care; and
- appropriate to youths’ employment-related histories, skills, and interests, to the extent possible and appropriate.
PA-JJR 12.04
PA-JJR 12.05
PA-JJR 12.06
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 13: Living and Service Environment
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 13.01
- rooms that are large enough to allow for comfortable movement during in-room activities;
- appropriate sleeping accommodations, including a clean, covered mattress, a pillow, and sufficient clean linens and blankets;
- sufficient access to facilities and supplies for toileting, bathing, and personal hygiene; and
- clean and appropriate clothing.
PA-JJR 13.02
- dining;
- exercise;
- on-site services, including treatment, education, and other programming;
- recreation and leisure;
- visits with family members;
- meetings with attorneys;
- administrative support functions, food preparation, housekeeping, laundry, maintenance, and storage, including storage of personal items youth are not permitted to keep in their living space; and
- meeting the needs of on-duty personnel, including private sleeping accommodations for personnel who sleep at the facility, if applicable.
PA-JJR 13.03
- homelike and non-institutional, to the extent possible and appropriate; and
- sensitive to and supportive of youth regardless of their age, developmental level, language, disability, gender and gender identity, culture, race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation.
PA-JJR 13.04
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 14: Maintaining Safety and Security
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 14.01
PA-JJR 14.02
- are consistent with applicable state and federal law;
- define when there is reasonable cause to conduct a search;
- minimize the invasiveness of the search;
- respect youths’ dignity; and
- establish a process and timetable for administrative review.
PA-JJR 14.03
- personnel-to-youth supervision ratios are based on youths’ risks and needs, and generally do not exceed 1:8 during the day, and 1:16 at night;
- at least two staff members are on-duty at all times;
- same-gender personnel are available to provide supervision and services, as needed;
- on-duty personnel are awake at all times;
- additional personnel are available in case of emergency; and
- supervision ratios are adjusted accordingly when youth participate in activities away from the program site or interact with the public.
PA-JJR 14.04
PA-JJR 14.05
- defining when youth are eligible for the opportunity; and
- evaluating youth for eligibility and appropriateness.
PA-JJR 14.06
- creating an environment that provides a sense of safety, support, and community;
- identifying risks or triggers that may indicate likeliness to run away from programs;
- communication and reporting to relevant staff, authorities, and parents or legal guardians; and
- welcoming, screening, and debriefing when youth return to the program.
PA-JJR 14.07
PA-JJR 14.08
- utilize this practice to maintain safety, order, and security, rather than for purposes of discipline, compliance, or convenience, or to compensate for staff shortages;
- do not lock youth in their rooms for excessively long time periods;
- ensure that using this practice does not detract from the agency’s ability to create a culture that promotes respect, healing, and positive behavior; and
- ensure that using this practice does not prevent youth from spending most of their waking hours engaged in meaningful and developmentally-appropriate activities.
PA-JJR 14.09
- monitor youth at least every 15 minutes while they are locked in their rooms, and monitor youth continually while they are locked in their rooms if they are at risk for suicide or self-harm;
- ensure that rooms are free from safety risks and hazards;
- provide access to food, water, and bathroom facilities, as needed;
- establish safety protocols and procedures that include plans for the immediate release of youth from locked areas in case of emergency; and
- train personnel and youth on emergency evacuation procedures.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 15: Planning for Reentry and Aftercare
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 15.01
- reentry planning begins soon after youth arrive at the facility; and
- youth, their family members, and relevant personnel are involved in developing plans for transition and aftercare.
PA-JJR 15.02
- living arrangements;
- family relationships;
- peer groups and support networks;
- recreational activities;
- health;
- mental health;
- substance use conditions;
- finding and enrolling in appropriate education services, such as high school or GED programs, vocational training programs, special education services, and colleges or universities; and
- obtaining legitimate employment.
PA-JJR 15.03
- ensure that youth are admitted to appropriate programs before release from residential care;
- prepare service providers and others in the community for youths’ arrival; and
- build positive connections to support youth after release.
PA-JJR 15.04
- helps youth sign up for alternative health insurance or other appropriate benefits, when available; or
- provides information about other options that can help meet youths’ needs, such as free clinics.
PA-JJR 15.05
- an identification card;
- a social security or social insurance number;
- a resume;
- a driver’s license, when the ability to drive is an appropriate goal;
- medical records and documentation;
- a birth certificate;
- documentation of immigration, citizenship, or naturalization, if applicable;
- death certificates when parents are deceased;
- a list of known relatives, with relationships, addresses, telephone numbers, and permissions for contacting involved parties; and
- educational records.
Juvenile Justice Residential Services (PA-JJR) 16: Case Closing and Aftercare
A rating of (1) indicates that the agency's practices fully meet the standard and reflect a high level of capacity.
- All elements or requirements outlined in the standard are evident in practice, with rare or no exceptions: exceptions do not impact service quality or agency performance.
A rating of (2) indicates that an agency's infrastructure and practices are basically sound but there is room for improvement.
- The majority of the standards requirements have been met and the basic framework required by the standard has been implemented.
- Minor inconsistencies and not yet fully developed practices are noted; however, these do not significantly impact service quality or agency performance.
Partial Implementation, Concerning Performance
A rating of (3) indicates that the agency's observed infrastructure and/or practices require significant improvement.
- The agency has not implemented the basic framework of the standard but instead has in place only part of this framework.
- Omissions or exceptions to the practices outlined in the standard occur regularly, or practices are implemented in a cursory or haphazard manner.
- Service quality or agency functioning may be compromised.
- Capacity is at a basic level.
A rating of (4) indicates that implementation of the standard is minimal or there is no evidence of implementation at all.
- The agency’s observed service delivery infrastructure and practices are weak or non-existent; or show signs of neglect, stagnation, or deterioration.
PA-JJR 16.01
- any unmet needs;
- the degree to which goals were or were not achieved; and
- reasons for success or failure.
PA-JJR 16.02
PA-JJR 16.03
PA-JJR 16.04
- supervise youth;
- ensure that youth access needed services and supports; and
- monitor youths’ progress and well-being.